Retained earnings refer to income/profit carried forward from previous accounting periods. This balance reflects how much the business has earned since its inception (after making dividends/payout) and the current balance attributable to the business owners.
Accumulated losses are losses carried forward from previous accounting periods same as retained earnings. This balance reflects the amount the business has lost since its inception and the current loss retained by the business.
These balances are shown in the equity section of the balance sheet. It’s a closing balance calculated after adjusting profit/loss for the current accounting period using the following calculation.
Opening equity = XXX/(XXX)
Profit/loss for the current accounting period = XXX/(XXX)
Closing balance = XXX/(XXX)
The positive balance reflects retained earnings, and the negative balance reflects accumulated losses. The alternative name of accumulated loss is retained loss, as this balance remains intact in the business’s financial statement.
Retained earnings/losses debit or credit?
The accounting nature of these balances is the same as capital/equity accounts. The retained earnings are in a credit balance, and the accumulated loss is in a debit balance.
Further, it’s important to note that any adjustment for the current year’s profit/loss can convert retained earnings to accumulated loss and vice versa.
Is accumulated loss an indication of an ongoing concern problem?
Higher amounts of accumulated losses or consistent business losses in the recent past might indicate that the business has been facing financial challenges and finding it difficult to cope with them. So, yes, it’s one of the indications. However, it’s not a conclusive factor to decide if the business is going to be a going concern or not.
Conclusion
Retained earnings are the profit carried from the previous accounting periods. On the other hand, the accumulated loss is also carried forward from the previous accounting periods but it’s a loss and indicates more total liability than total assets.
This balance is shown in the equity section of the financial statement. Similarly, the profit/loss for the current accounting period is adjusted in the same section.
Retained earnings are the credit balance in the equity, and accumulated losses are the debit balance.
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